Digital Sovereignty in Wartime: Legal and Cybersecurity Considerations

  • Panel
  • Class Room
  • Thursday 21.05 — 14:15 - 15:30

Organising Institution

Law and Internet Foundation

Bulgaria

The Law and Internet Foundation (LIF) is a Bulgarian NGO and research centre working at the intersection of law, technology, and society. For 25-years, LIF has acted as a coordinator and legal and ethics partner in numerous EU-funded and national projects, conducting applied research, policy development, consultancy, and training for both public and private sectors. LIF's experts have contributed to the development and implementation of key ICT legislation and national strategies in Bulgaria and have authored over 500 books and articles in ICT law. LIF's mission is to contribute towards the transformation of society to meet the digital world's challenges.
  • Academic 2
  • Business 2
  • Policy 2
Modern conflicts increasingly depend on digital infrastructures ranging from connectivity, data systems, analytics, and surveillance, operated by both public and private actors. In Europe and beyond, such dependencies raise important questions about digital sovereignty in wartime, where technological control shapes security and power. This panel starts by examining why digital sovereignty matters for the European Union in war times, and what is at stake when key digital infrastructures lie beyond public control. It then analyses the current legal and policy landscapes, asking how the Union is addressing these challenges. The panel then turns to prevention, recognising that acting in advance often matters more than reacting after incidents. It explores preparedness measures such as training infrastructures. Finally, the panel considers how the EU could strengthen its position and the consequences if current trajectories continue in the event of digital war.

Questions to be answered

  1. Why is European digital sovereignty especially critical in times of war?
  2. What are the EU’s current efforts towards establishing digital sovereignty and what are the gaps that need to be addressed?
  3. In the context of digital sovereignty, what is the importance of preparedness mechanisms, exercises, simulations, and training infrastructures?
  4. Is digital sovereignty actually achievable?

Moderator

Defne Halil

Law and Internet Foundation - Bulgaria

Defne Halil, LL.M., is a Legal Expert at the Law and Internet Foundation, with expertise in EU digital regulation, artificial intelligence, alternative dispute resolution, and data governance. She contributes to EU-funded projects as a legal researcher, focusing on legal and ethical dimensions. She holds an LL.M. in Corporate and Commercial Law from Maastricht University, where she graduated cum laude, and a Bachelor’s degree in European Law with a minor in Business and Law.

Speaker

George Dimitrov

Law and Internet Foundation - Bulgaria

Prof. George Dimitrov, DSc is а founder and senior expert of Law and Internet Foundation. He is also a member of the Foundation's Management Board. He graduated cum laude from Sofia University, Faculty of Law (LL.M. 1995) and has specialized at the Academy of American and International Law, Dallas, Texas (2002). Holder of the prestigious Victor Folsom Fellowship, he has been awarded a PhD in Law at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. He is currently a lecturer in ICT Law at Sofia University, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, in Technical University of Sofia, University of Library Studies and Information Technologies and in Veliko Tarnovo University.

Speaker

José Borges

CINAMIL/Portuguese Army - Portugal

José Borges is a mechanical engineer specialised in systems, automation, control and robotics. He received his PhD from Instituto Superior Técnico in nonlinear system modelling. José spent thirteen years working for Instituto Superior Técnico as a professor and researcher and two years as an invited researcher with the Delft Centre for Systems and Control, Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands. He has specialised education in Cyber Security from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Management from the Lisbon School of Economics and Management, and Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Technologies by COTEC Portugal, FLAD and the University Institute of Lisbon. José holds a teaching and research position with the Portuguese Military Academy, where he was the Executive Director of the Portuguese Army Research Centre – CINAMIL, between 2017 and 2021. He is the Scientific Coordinator of the Military Mechanical Engineering courses and Director of the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory. He is also Deputy President of the AFCEA Portuguese chapter. His current R&D projects include applications of cyber defence, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and command and control systems.

Speaker

Polina Petrova

Law and Internet Foundation - Bulgaria

Polina Petrova holds a Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree in “European and International Business Law” (with a strong emphasis on Intellectual Property and New Technologies) from the University of Vienna (Vienna, Austria) (together with Stanford Law School), where she has graduated as an Academic Excellence Scholarship Recipient. She is also a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) (Honours) graduate in “International and European Law” from the University of Groningen (Groningen, The Netherlands), and she has as well completed a specialisation in “International and Comparative Business Law” at Bucerius Law School in Hamburg, Germany. A Regulatory & Ethics Consultant in the field of New Technologies at the Law and Internet Foundation, Polina Petrova has previously also gained a few years of professional experience at two intellectual property law firms, including in Singapore. She worked as a Legal Analyst at the European Commission, in Brussels, Belgium, where she also provided support during inter-institutional negotiations between the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council, as well as during stakeholder consultations, regarding legislative revisions. Having represented Bulgaria as a Youth Delegate at the Model Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), held in conjunction with the 14th ASEM Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (ASEM FMM14) on “Asia & Europe – Together for Effective Multilateralism” in Madrid, Spain, she has also recently been accepted as one of the few participants from the European Union, attending the “Future-Proofing AI: Building Human-in-the-Loop Governance Skills for Rights-Respecting AI”, organised by the Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF), and supported by the European Union, taking place in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and which serves as a platform to foster mutual understanding and cooperation between Asia and Europe in the filed of political dialogue, with a particular focus on human rights. Polina Petrova is also co-authoring a book on the topic of “Key Strategic Challenges and Solutions for Cybersecurity in the 21st Century”, in partnership with the National University of Ireland Maynooth (Maynooth University), and soon to be published by Springer.