Data-driven warfare: AI, civilian risks, and corporate responsibility

  • Panel
  • Grande Halle
  • Friday 22.05 — 10:30 - 11:45

Organising Institution

Privacy International

International

Privacy International (PI) is a London-based non-profit, non-governmental organisation that researches and advocates globally against government and corporate abuses of data and technology.
  • Academic 1
  • Business 2
  • Policy 3
The integration of AI-driven decision support systems (AI DSS) and other AI models into military operations is transforming the conduct of war. Marketed as tools for faster, more precise decision-making and compliance with international humanitarian law, these systems depend on vast amounts of data—fuelling unprecedented surveillance practices. From Gaza to Ukraine, AI technologies are shaping targeting decisions and risk assessments, while tech giants and defence start-ups emerge as pivotal actors in this ecosystem. This panel will interrogate the normalisation of surveillance in armed conflict, the tension between humanitarian and human rights law, and the export of militarised AI technologies to non-conflict contexts. Experts will explore implications for civilian protection, privacy, and freedom of expression, and critically assess the responsibilities of private companies driving these technologies and their accountability under international norms.

Questions to be answered

  1. How does AI-driven decision-making reshape compliance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law in practice?
  2. What surveillance risks do militarised AI techologies pose for civilians during and beyond armed conflict?
  3. What are the responsibilities of tech companies for developing and/or deploying those technologies?
  4. How can we manage the export of militarised AI technologies into civilian governance and policing?

Moderator

Ilia Siatitsa

Privacy International - International

Dr Ilia Siatitsa is a human rights lawyer and author. She currently works as Programme Director and Senior Legal Officer at Privacy International where she leads PI’s work on Militarisation of Tech and State Accountability for Surveillance practices. She holds a PhD in International Law from the University of Geneva.

Speaker

Chantal Joris

Article 19 - International

Chantal Joris is a Swiss qualified international lawyer. She is a Senior Legal Officer at ARTICLE 19, an international human rights organisation which works to protect and promote the right to freedom of expression and information. Chantal’s work focuses on among others on freedom of expression in armed conflicts and freedom of expression issues relating to national security and privacy. Prior to joining ARTICLE 19, Chantal worked at a public international law firm, where she represented States and private entities before international and domestic courts and tribunals, including the International Court of Justice, and advised on public international law matters.

Speaker

Joelle Rizk

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) - International

Joelle Rizk is the Protection Division Lead on New Technologies and Digital Risks at the International Committee of the Red Cross. She works on risks to civilian populations and services, emanating from the use of digital and new technology in armed conflict settings. She has worked in conflict affected contexts since 2009, and has been deployed with the ICRC since 2014 in Afghanistan, Libya, Tunisia, the Sahel region of Africa, Iraq, Senegal and Jordan. Prior to the ICRC her work evolved around Track II diplomacy and Mediation in Afghanistan and Central Asia. She holds an M.A. in Peace and Conflict Studies and an M.A. in International Relations.  Her academic work includes research on harmful information on social media in armed conflict (2024), on non-state armed groups and Trafficking in Persons (2020, 2021), and on the geopolitical dimensions of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan (2010).

Speaker

Frank Slijper

PAX - Europe

Frank Slijper is an economist who has worked on arms trade and disarmament issues for over 30 years, currently at Dutch peace organisation PAX. Research and advocacy areas include arms export control, industry policy and the role of the financial sector. He has written extensively on topics related to autonomous weapons.

Speaker

Iverna McGowan

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - United Kingdom

verna McGowan is currently serving as Tech & Human Rights Advisor at UN Human Rights (OHCHR). She founded and then Directed the Centre for Democracy & Technology from 2020 to 2024. She has been listed by EU Insider in 2024 as one of the most influential people on digital policy and by POLITICO in 2017 as one of the most influential women on EU policy and law making. Politico said that [she] "makes the voices of human rights victims heard in Brussels’ corridors of power". Iverna was Executive Director of Amnesty International’s Office in Brussels and Advocacy Director for Europe for seven years and covered EU and Council of Europe issues. Prior to that she worked in the Human Rights Unit at the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, and later as a legal researcher for an expert member of the UN Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). She was awarded the Sinti and Roma European Civil Rights Prize in 2016 for her work on equal access to education for Roma children. She holds an LL.M in EU Law and was a Top 3% scholar of the University of Maastricht, she also holds an honors degree from Trinity College Dublin, where she studied European Studies. She has previously served on the boards of the Natural Resource Governance Institute, Transparency International. She was a member of the Advisory Panel to the EU Fundamental Rights Agency, and member of the Advisory Board of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel’s Privacy Hub. She is a frequent commentator on technology’s impact on society, human rights, EU foreign policy and gender equality and has contributed to pieces by Euronews, CNN, BBC, RTE, and Reuters.